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TIREM for STK/Communications and STK/Radar

TIREM for STK/Communications and STK/Radar
Communication analysts are able to calculate and dynamically model point-to-point line-of-sight effects for link performance in STK. However, in some cases there is the need to consider the effect of irregular terrain, seawater, and non-line-of-sight effects. The TIREM (Terrain Integrated Rough Earth Model) extension for STK/Communications allows users to perform such analysis and modeling by adding fidelity to radio frequency (RF) calculations.

STK—a premier tool for analysis and modeling—combines with TIREM (the "de facto" standard propagation tool for the United States federal government) to provide the functionality needed to calculate RF propagation loss over irregular terrain from 1MHz to 20 GHz. For details on modeling methods by frequency, refer to FIGURE 1.

In addition to propagation loss over irregular terrain, TIREM can also model near-field considerations, power density, and field strength equation. TIREM examines the elevation profiles, and, based on the geometry, selects the optimum model for the calculations. It can also select appropriate modes of propagation for paths based on the geometry of the profile—such as multiple knife-edge diffraction and tropocaster, two physical phenomena that extend the signals propagation into the BLOS (beyond line-of-sight). See FIGURE 1 for details.

TIREM has been fully integrated into STK, enabling propagation loss calculations from within STK/Communications. It incorporates the government-standard terrestrial propagation algorithm directly into the STK RF environment—allowing users to perform analyses among dynamic nodes as part of an overall system simulation. This capability can be enhanced through visualization in 2D or 3D by performing access or coverage analyses over areas of terrain (See FIGURE 2).

FIGURE 1: Modeling methods by frequency FIGURE 1: Modeling methods by frequency

FIGURE 2: TIREM calculations within STK FIGURE 2: TIREM calculations within STK



  • Highlights

    • Extends STK/Communications capabilities by adding fidelity to RF calculations
    • Calculates RF propagation loss over irregular terrain
    • Incorporates government-standard propagation algorithm
    • Models the phenomena that have the largest impact on terrestrial communications
    • Automates selection of modes of propagation

  • Key Features

  • Median propagation loss

    Median propagation loss is calculated using free-space spreading, reflection, diffraction, surface-wave, tropospheric-scatter, and atmospheric absorption. These various techniques allow users to predict median propagation loss from 1 MHz to 20 GHz to solve many communication analysis problems.

    Propagation loss along a path of irregular terrain

    TIREM allows users to calculate the propagation loss along a path over irregular terrain; providing additional fidelity for current RF calculations over terrain. This enables space and terrestrial-based users of STK to leverage the full functionality of STK/Communications with the best analytical tools possible.

    Automated selection of modes of propagation

    Based on the geometry of the profile, TIREM selects all appropriate modes of propagation for paths with endpoints that are either within line-of-sight (LOS) or beyond line-of-sight (BLOS).

    Enhanced modeling

    TIREM models the phenomena that have the largest impact on terrestrial communications:

    • Multiple knife-edge diffraction: Physical phenomena that extends the signal's propagation into the BLOS zone.
    • Troposcatter: Another of the physical phenomena that extend the propagated signal into the BLOS zone. In this case, the electromagnetic signal is reflected off of the Earth's troposphere. TIREM models troposcatter as a function of frequency and other environmental and equipment factors.

    Calculation considerations

    TIREM offers more precise calculations via:
    • Atmospheric absorption for frequencies above 10 GHz.
    • Long-term power fading can be considered for climatic conditions representing most parts of the world.
    • Modeling variability as a result of the standard deviation of the model from measured data can also be considered.

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Supported OS and Hardware Requirements

Supported Operating Systems
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